If an abnormality is found, the best course is to treat for that abnormality and see if the pica improves. Describing all the diagnostic options could fill a chapter in a textbook. Of course, if abnormalities are noted, further testing may be needed. X-rays may also be warranted if there is concern about a GI obstruction and to rule out other potential causes of pica. Typically, this involves checking folate and cobalamin levels and doing a TLI (trypsin-like immunoreactivity) test to check for pancreatic function. Depending on the signs your animal is showing, more specific blood work, to see if the GI tract is perhaps not absorbing nutrients, may be required. Along with a complete physical exam, this should include a fecal examination to check for gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and blood work to look for conditions such as anemia, liver disease, diabetes or pancreatic disease. If you think your pet has pica, a thorough medical work-up is recommended. Does the animal get enough exercise? Does he or she get an appropriate amount of attention? Are appropriate chew or play toys made available? Is there competition for resources? That is, could the dog or cat be eating inappropriate things to prevent another pet from getting to it first? Does the animal have a fairly consistent routine? Are there other things that could be causing stress for the animal? Diagnosing pica by visiting a veterinarian When attempting to assess why your dog (or cat) may be engaging in this habit, consider the animal’s environment and lifestyle. Examining an animal’s environment and lifestyle Pica can even be a symptom of normal exploratory behavior. The causes of pica can be hard to determine, but can include gastrointestinal disease, anemia, liver disease, pancreatic disease, diseases causing excess appetite (such as diabetes), neurologic diseases, poor diet, being on medications such as prednisone, behavioral disorders such as anxiety, or a depraved home environment. Pica doesn’t include the ingestion of trash or feces, since the consumption of such things is often driven by different motivations. It has a variable territory depending on the size of the AICA ( AICA-PICA dominance).The ingestion of non-food items, such as rocks, dirt or fabric, is called pica disorder and it’s a fairly common occurrence in pets. Note: occasionally, a small vertebral artery will terminate into a common AICA-PICA complex. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery gives off the following arteries: Supplies the vermis and adjacent hemisphere The main trunk of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery usually bifurcates somewhere along the margin of the cerebellar tonsil into Supplies branches to the cerebellar surface Marks the transition between the proximal (medulla-supplying) and distal (cerebellum-supplying) parts of the posterior inferior cerebellar arteryĬourses in the cleft between the tela choroidea, inferior medullary velum rostrally, and superior pole of the cerebellar tonsil caudallyĬontains the cranial loop, also known as the choroid point or choroid arch, an upward convex loop that has a constant relation to the 4 th ventricle and gives rise to choroidal arteries Variably courses (ascending or descending) along the side of the medulla near or between the origins of the 9 th, 10 th, and 11 th cranial nerve rootsĬourses along the posterolateral surface of the medulla and inferior cerebellar tonsilĬontains the caudal loop, a downward convex loop that mostly remain superior to the foramen magnum but occasionally extend below it 6,7:Ĭourses along the front of the medulla at the level of the inferior olive The segmental anatomy was defined microsurgically by Lister et al. Occasionally arises from a common origin with the anterior inferior cerebellar artery ~20% arise extracranially, inferior to the foramen magnumġ0% arise from the basilar rather than vertebral artery The PICA is a paired artery that originates from the vertebral artery V4 segment.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |